The earliest evidence of spinning in Thailand can be found at the archaeological site of Tha Kae located in Central Thailand.
Tha Kae was inhabited during the end of the first millennium BC to the late first millennium AD.
Here, archaeologists discovered 90 fragments of spindle whorl dated from 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD.
And the shape of these finds indicate the connections with south China and India.
A spindle whorl is a disc or spherical object that fits onto the spindle to increase as well as maintain the speed of spinning.
The carders line up the fibres nicely to make them easier to spin.
The carding
embroidery digitizing machine consists mainly of one big roller with smaller ones surrounding it.
All of the rollers are covered in small teeth, and as the cotton progresses further on the teeth get finer (i.e. closer together).
The cotton leaves the carding machine in the form of a sliver
digitizing; a large rope of fibres.
Note: In a wider sense Carding can refer to these four processes: Willowing- loosening the fibres; Lapping- removing the dust to create a flat sheet or lap of cotton; Carding- combing the tangled lap into a thick rope of 1/2 in in diameter, a sliver; and Drawing- where a drawing frame combines 4 slivers into one- repeated for increased quality.
Fluorescent and halogen-produced light can also produce large amounts of UV radiation, though filters which fit over the bulbs are available to limit the damaging light.
These filters will need to be replaced when the bulbs are changed, so maintenance staff should be aware of them and their use.