The earliest known woven textiles of the Near East may be fabrics used to wrap the dead, excavated at aNeolithic site at Çatalhöyük in Anatolia, carbonized in a fire and radiocarbon dated to c. 6000 BC.
Evidence exists of flax cultivation from c. 8000 BC in the Near East, but the breeding of sheep with a wooly fleecerather than hair occurs much later, c. 3000 BC.
The cotton gin separates seeds and removes the "trash" (dirt, stems and leaves) from the fibre.
In a saw gin, circular saws grab the fibre and pull it through a grating that is too narrow for the seeds to pass.
A roller gin is used with longer staple cotton.
Here a leather roller captures the cotton.
A knife blade, set close to the roller, detaches the seeds by drawing them through teeth in circular saws and revolving brushes which clean them away.
The ginned cotton fibre, known as lint, is then compressed into bales which are about 1.5 m tall and weigh almost 220 kg.
Only 33% of the crop is usable lint.
Commercial cotton is priced by quality, and that broadly relates to the average length of the staple, and the variety of the plant.
Longer staple cotton (2½ in to 1¼ in) is called Egyptian, medium staple (1¼ in to ¾ in) is called American upland and short staple (less than ¾ in) is called Indian.
The husks and meal are processed into animal feed, and the stems into paper.
The chief cause for decay in
digitizing textiles is almost always the environment in which they are stored.
Light, temperature, and humidity can all contribute to a textile’s health or deterioration, depending on their intensity.
Additionally, pests, chemicals, and pollutants may also cause damage to an antique fabric.
Airborne chemicals, such as smog or cigarette smoke are also harmful to the textiles, and should be avoided if at all possible: high-efficiency air filters should be installed throughout the building to reduce the presence of airborne chemicals that may stain, discolor, or weaken fabrics.